Some Anglosphere countries (USA, Canada, Ireland, Australia) love to add fluoride in water. They say it’s good for people’s dental health.
Europeans (Germany, Finland, Italy, France, Netherlands, Switzeland) think it’s wrong/unethical.
There is actually regular controversy around this
https://hsph.harvard.edu/news/fluoridated-drinking-water/
Do they put fluoride in your drinking water ? Are you happy with that?
Not sure about the other countries you mentioned but wanted to note that not all cities in the United States add fluoride to their water systems. I’m in the U.S. in a city without fluoride water treatment, there are definitely others.
No.
Yes.
My understanding is that fluoride’s benefits are mainly as a topical treatment, meaning its best used as part of toothpaste or rinse.
Areas with fluoride in the water have overwhelmingly better dental health than areas without.