Even if you and others don’t want to get citizenships in place for yourselves, it would be important to get it in place and document time in Canada, as future generations born after December 15, 2025 will have to have parents who spent 1095 in Canada.
You should look further back up your tree, especially if you family had settled in New England or New York State.
There were successful claims based on more than 4 generations back under the Interim measure in place while Parliament was considering legislative changes.
The Interim Measure was put in place, to satisfy the court ruling, based on the proposed legislation.
Since the bill wasn’t amended during the Parliamentary process, legal experts expect that the amended law will be applied/implemented consistent with the Interim Measure.
I would look at the FAQ on finding n documentation in the subreddit.
Family Search and Ancestry will help find Census records, birth certificates and baptismal records (for periods before civil registration which came quite late in several provinces).
Once you know where and when your Canadian ancestors were born, you will be in a good place to get a baptismal record from the appropriate provincial archives.
For this, it’s unlikely that you’ll need a lawyer.
However, if you’re looking for legal expertise, the two most experienced in citizenship by descent (practising in BC and Quebec) were guests on this recent Borderlines Podcast.
The citizenship law looks back before Confederation.
In fact, Canadian citizenship only came into existence in 1947. Canada has the separate constitutional authority from the 1930s but WW II held up the legislation.
Before 1947, Canadians were British subjects domiciled in Canada.
If they had status as British subjects domiciled in Canada pre1947, or domiciled in a predecessor colony before Confederation, that would be considered Canadian.
For example, they could have been born in the colony of Nova Scotia before 1867, or they could have moved from the UK to Nova Scotia and, effectively, become British subjects domiciled in Nova Scotia.
It’s worth the deep dive genealogically if you’re seriously considering applying for a certificate of citizenship.
This is a straightforward case as long as you were adopted when your mother had citizenship status and the adoption took place before December 15, 2025.
Whether your mum was born in Canada or a Canadian citizen by descent, you’ll need go through a two-step process with some help from your mum.
Step 1 - Your mother’s citizenship status needs to be confirmed by IRCC. When this is done, an identifier will be created so you can complete step 2.
Step 2 - your adoption is documented so that IRCC can provide a grant of citizenship.
Here is the page with the forms - they haven’t all been updated yet to say that the first generation limit doesn’t apply to your parent.
BanQ is an official archival database from the province of Quebec.
The subreddit has information in its ‘How to find Documents’ FAQ.
You’ll want to start here for a birth record.
https://www.archives.gov.on.ca/topic/birth-marriage-and-death/
You can claim on the basis of being British subjects officially domiciled in the colonies that joined Confederation.
You will need baptismal certificates rather than birth certificates as Nova Scotia did not begin civil registration of births until 1908 but the provincial archives will lead you to religious archives that can help.
There was a lot of movement back and forth across the border in the northeast.
All the law requires is one Canadian born or naturalized ancestor. This includes those who were actually British subjects domiciled in Canada or its predecessor colonies.
It is automatic, but you have to apply for the certificate of citizenship.
There are related regulations that have just been published in The Canada Gazette that will enable people to have a simplified process for formal renunciation of Canadian citizenship to Canadian authorities if they believe they may be Canadian citizens by descent.
The law is The Citizenship Act with Lost Canadians amendments that came into force on December 15, 2025.
The 2023 Bjorkquist decision on Lost Canadians found the first generation limit on citizenship by descent violated the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Parliament passed amendments in bill C-3 in early December.
For persons born after December 15, 2025, their new amendments to the Act will require Canadians born outside Canada to meet a 1095 day presence requirement, but the C-3 amendments effectively do away with the first generation limit on citizenship by descent for persons born or adopted before it came into effect.
You don’t seem to understand the effect of C-3 coming into force.
If you were born to or adopted by any parent who can trace a line of descent back to a Canadian by birth or naturalization (or a British subject domiciled in Canada pre1947), then you are probably a Canadian citizen as of December 15, 2025.
For persons born or adopted after December 15, 2025, their Canadian parent born or adopted outside Canada will need to demonstrate 1095 days of presence in Canada prior to their birth or adoption.
Her response to that question reflects one of the most damning things about MIT as a graduate school — the institution recruits the best and most promising minds it can, but the profs there spend much of their time actively discouraging and demoralizing students, not least by asserting that the only way to “make a contribution” is through an exclusive commitment to a narrow set of mathematical approaches.
Prof. Sam Lawler, cited in the article as a critic/skeptic, is very active on Mastodon @[email protected] and interesting to follow.
Uhm, didn’t physicist David Keith of Harvard, better know for his work on carbon capture, do something like this in the early 1990s in building the early atom interferometers?
He didn’t pursue the development as the applications were military at that time but my recollection was that he created a lab bench sized generator.
It depends on the populations.
Steppe populations from modern Ukraine easy through to the Urals lived mainly on meat and dairy 5000 years ago (even if they didn’t yet have the lactose tolerance adaptation).
At a certain point, I realized that from another perspective, the big divide seems to be between those who see continuous distributions as just an abstraction of a world that is inherently finite vs those who see finite steps as the approximation of an inherently continuous and infinitely divisible reality.
Since I’m someone who sees math as a way to tell internally-consistent stories that may or may not represent reality, I tend to have a certain exasperation with what seems to be the need of most engineers to anchor everything in Euclidean topography.
But it’s my spouse who had to help our kids with high school math. A parent who thinks non Euclidean geometry is fun is not helpful at that point.
This is a weird appropriation.
Sesame Street was WGBH Boston - also a gritty city. Part of downtown was literally called the Combat Zone.
The stone facades and steps are very old Boston.
The video of kids playing in the old Copley Square fountain area was unmistakable when I first visited there decades later.
The law looks back further than Confederation. This was addressed in previous amendments to the Act.
It has to since Canada didn’t have independent citizenship legislation until 1947.